Grade



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

0 P SONNE GRADE DBLINEATOR.

Patented' Deo. 22, 1896.`

WITNESSES (No Midelf) v s sheets-snm 2. Q. P. SONNE.

GRADE DELINEATOR.

Patented Deo. 22 1896.

WITIJESEES y HJW-:JNSR I (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

0. P. SONNE. GRADE DELINEATOR.

No. 573,717. Patented 1360.22, 1896 WPI-155555 lnlVmJ-rnn.

amg/MM- f; J @ZM/@mw f QQ/wr UNITED STATESv PATENT OFFICE.

or'ro F. -SoNNE, oF noS'ro'N, MASSACHUSETTS.

GRADE-.DELINEA-ron.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters APatent No. 573,717, dated December 22', 1896. Application iiledJnne 14, 1894. Serial No. 514,593. (No modell Be it known that I, O TTO F. SONNE, a citizen of Denmark, and a resident o f Boston, in the county of Suolk' and State of Massachusetts,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grade-Delineators, of which the following is a Specification.

My'invention relates to devices for surveying purposes which give automatically a graphic record of the' grades and length of the course passed over, and its object is to provide a practical and eiicient device of this character embodying certain features of improvement which I will now proceed to describe and claim.

In the drawings accompanying this specication, Figure ,1 is a side elevation of 'my machine with apart of the framework broken away. 2o-

Fig. 2 is a top plan View of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear end view of the same. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the recording mechanism, taken ongthe lines 44 of Fig. 3. Figs.

5 and 6 are detail views, being, respectively,

a central section and aplan view of the' marking-pencil and the frame which carries it, hereinafter more fully described.

.The device is supported upon a carriagelike framework, the general construction of which is not material, except as hereinafter described.

A represents a platform borne by the carriage, and B B are uprights secured to the platform, in which uprights are journaled three rollers 1, 2, and 3. The rollerl is made to rotate with a velocity proportional to that' of the carriage by means of suitable connections between it and the wheel C of the carriage, which may consist, as shown, of the sprocket-wheels 4 and 5, the sprocket-chain 6, and the train of gearing 7, journaled in one of the uprights B. The Wheel 4 is rigidly secured to the axle4 8, which'turns with lthe wheel C. v

A roll of paper, preferably what is known as profile-paper, iswound on roller 2, carried over part of roller 1 and around the third rol1er'3. IDuring the forward `motion of the l `carriage the friction between the paper and the surface of the roller 1 will make the paper move with the same surface velocity as the roller l, wind-o the roller 2, and on roller 3,

this latter being pressed against roller 1 by one or more springs, thus attaining the same surface velocity as the roller 1, While at the same time its bearings are So arranged ,as to allow play for its axle, which will retreat from the roller l as the paper winds up on it and increases its diameter. l n this manner-a very y simple and effective construction is provided for carrying and feeding the paper, the rollers 2 and 3 being easily removable whenever it is desirable to renew the Supply of paper.

Opposite' the paper where it passes around the roller 1 is located a pencil or other marker i), which is carried by a frame l0, and is pressed against the paper by means of a spring 1l. The two rearward-extending arms 12 of the frame lO are bifurcated to embrace the guiding-rod 13, along which said frame is moved in either direction by means of the screw-threaded rod 14, which engageswith half-nuts 15 15, formed on the frame 10. Half- Ynuts are employed in order that thepencil may be readily lifted away from the paper and shifted along the rod. This` is very de sirable in practice in order that the pencil may be set at any desired starting-point, and also in order that it may be kept from passing 01T the paper by reason of al prolonged grade The rod 14 is journaled in the ,uprights B B and carries on one end a diskV D, which is adapted to be rotated by frictionaly contact Y with'a second disk E., Saiddisk E is secured to the upper end of avertical spindle 16, jour.

naled in a car F, which runs on"whe`els 17, guided by means of tracks 18, secured to the platform A..

G is a pendulum of considera-ble weight suspended from a convenient part of the carriage, so that it isfree to swing, and it is connected to the c'ar F, preferably 'by means vof rod 19, bell-crank lever 20, journaled in plat! form A, and rod 21. This arrangement will cause the car F to take a certain position on its track, dependent on the position which the pendulum occupies in relation to the carriage, and in such a Way that according to whether the 'carriage is inclined upward or downward the car F will occupy'posit'ions on the track on opposite sides of its central position, i. e., the position it occupies when the carriage is on a level, and, further,litsv dis" soA tance from this central position will be proportional to the deviation of the pendulum from its central position, that is, to the inclination of the carriage or the slope of the 'ground over whiclitlie. carriage is being moved. 'The connections are soproportioned that the extreme range of movement of the disk E will not exceed the length of its diameter, and also so that'wlien the carriage is on level ground and the car ar l the pendulum are in their central positio is the center 'of the disk E will be directly under disk D. The rod 1 9 is preferably made detachable from the pendulum G, in order that the disk E may be rendered inoperative, if desired. This may be conveniently done b y means of an eye formed on the end of said rod, 'through which eye a bolt passes loosely and is screwed into thependulum AGr.

In view of the lateral motion of the car F and the disk E it is necessary to provide some means for rotating said disk, which not only -shall be equally operative for all positions of the disk'on the track, but also shall have no tendency to move the disk laterally in either direction. To lthis end I have devisedmeans consisting, preferably, of an endless belt 22,

which passes around the two-grooved pulley 23 on the spindle 1 6, as shown, and also around i wheel C. By this construction rotary motion will be transmitted to the axle of the disk equally well for any position of the car F, and the pullingr partis of the belt will act in opposite directions and counterbalance eachother, and thnswill not tend to move the car E from i-ts position. Y

As thus constructed it will be seen that as long as the carriage is in motion both roller 1 and disk E will be continuously rotated with velocities proportional to the-velocity of the carriage. It the carriage is on level ground, the disk D will touch disk E at the center thereof, as described above, and consequently will not be rotated thereby. The pencil 9 will therefore remain stationary and will trace ia straight line on the paper, passing over roll 1 as it rotates, the length of' the line traced being proportional to the length of the course traversed. lf, however, the surface of the ground be inclined or sloping, the pendulum (4, in maintaining a vertical position, will cause disk E to move under disk D, and the resultingrelative position of the two disks will cause disk D to berotated by frictional contact with disk E, the direction of rotation of 'disk D being determined by the slope of the ground upward or downward, since said direction of lrotation changes whenever disk D passes the center of vdisk E, that is, whenever the vehicle passes from rising vto vfalling ground, or yice versa. The speed of rotation of disk D is determined by its distance from the center of the disk .}la greater distance causing' a greater speed, and said distance corresponds exactly with the pitch 'or grade` ity, as `explained above, with the'slope of the y ground the pencil or marker will be moved i in the appropriate directiona certain distance for each foot the ground rises or falls, thus recording the elevations of the ground, as Well as the distance, so that the line traced by the pencil, being the resultant of its own` motion and of that of the roll .1, will represent the proiile. of the course passed over.

The scales on which the distance and ele vations are recorded may be made alike or diierent, as desired, and by making part of the gearing changeable the scales may be varied on the same machine.

The device maybe modified in a number of particulars within the limits of my invention.

Thus the number and arrangement of the pulleys 24 need not be exactly as shown; also, if the pulley 23 be made with a single groove and the belt be passed entirely around it and aroundtwo pulleys 24 on opposite sides thereof and inline therewith the mechanism will still be operative.

Theoretically my device will give a strictly accurate record only when moving on level ground, since the movement of the paper is at alltimes proportioned to the distance traveled by the carriage, whereas on a grade said movement should strictly be proportional to the'projection of said distance on a horizon- For all ordinary grades, however, the error thus arising will be very slight and usually nots'o great, as I find in practice, asVV tal line.

the error arising from inaccuracies in the rn1-. ingof vthe paper, so that by omitting neces sarily complicated devices for the correction of Vthis error I obtain .a greatadvantage in the simplicity of my machine.

lVhat I claim is- 1 1. In a grade-delineator, the combination of Y a carriage, a roller over which passes a sheet of paper, gearing connected with the axle of the carriage for driving said roller, a frame, a pencil secured therein, a screw-threaded-rod laterally-movable car, a disk E on said car lum, connections between the'pendulum and f engaging with and driving disk D, a penduthe car for moving the latter, and means for rotating disk E.

2. In a grade-'delineator, a car, means for: v

the car, mechanism coperating with the said moving sa'id car laterally, adisk journaled in i no l foi-.moving said pencil parallel to the axis of said roller, a disk D on the end of said rod, a-

around the said fixed pulleys, and mechanism for driving one of the' fixed pulleys, as set forth.

3. In aV grade-delineator, in combination, a

pendulum, a car movable thereby, a disk journaled in said car, an endless belt passing around the disk-spindle and around xed pulleys, means for driving said belt, a screwthreaded rod provided With a disk arranged to be driven by frictional contact with the rstmentioned disk, a frame movable laterally by engagement with said screw-threaded rod, a

lpencil carried by said frame, a recording-surinsaid car, mechanism cooperating Awith said disk for recording grades, and means for rotating said disk consisting of a double-grooved pulley on the disk-spindle, pulleys secured to the Vframework of the machine, and an endless` beltpassing around thelatter pulleys and twice around the disk-spindle pulley, in such manner that the pulling parts of the belt will act on the latter pulley in opposite directions,

'.in combination with mechanism for driving the endless belt, for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof Ihave hereunto subscribed r'ny name this 11th day of J une, A. D. 18941 Y Y o'r'ro F. SONNE.

' lVitnesses:

MosEs S. CASE, E. D. .CHADWICK 

